Introduction and early life
Take a look at the history of the world, in every era, great kings, generals, philosophers, scientists and reformers have come and gone. But the position and greatness that Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa (PBUH) enjoys has not been given to any other being.
Not only Muslims, but also non-Muslim historians and scholars believe that if humanity has received any real guidance from a personality, it is only the personality of Prophet Muhammad.
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Opinions of Non-Muslim Scholars
In his famous book The 100 , Michael H. Hart called the Prophet Muhammad “the most influential person in the world.”
Bernard Shaw said: “If the world needs a man who can solve the problems of the present, it can only be Muhammad.” “
Western poets like Goethe also seem to be influenced by his knowledge and character.
This is proof that the greatness of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) is not limited to the hearts of Muslims but also affects the just minds of the whole world.
Happy Birthday and Early Life
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was born in 570 AD in Mecca. This year is called “Aam al-Fil” because in the same year Abraha attacked the Kaaba, but Allah Almighty destroyed his army through the Ababils.
He belonged to the Banu Hashim, one of the most respected families of the Quraysh tribe . His father’s name was Abdullah and his mother’s name was Amina. Before he was born, his father’s shadow was lifted, and his mother passed away at the age of six. In this way, he endured the agony of an orphan in his childhood.
Sponsorship of Hazrat Halima Saadia(ra)
It was customary among the Arabs to hand over newborn babies to women who breastfed in the desert so that they could stay healthy and strong. According to this tradition, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was handed over to Hazrat Halima Saadiyya. Halima Saadia’s house was blessed with blessings, her cattle started giving milk and her sustenance was expanded.
Sponsorship of Grandfather and Uncle
After his mother’s death, he was taken care of by his grandfather, Abdul Muttalib. Abdul Muttalib loved the Holy Prophet (PBUH) immensely and served the Kaaba. But when his grandfather passed away at the age of eight, the responsibility of sponsorship fell on his uncle Abu Talib. Abu Talib was also very fond of the Prophet (PBUH) and remained the protector of the Prophet (PBUH) throughout his life.
Titles: Al-Sadiq and Al-Amin
From his childhood, truth and trustworthiness were prominent in his life. The people of Mecca used to remember him by the titles of Al-Sadiq (Truthful) and Al-Amin (Trustee). People kept their valuables and trusts with him, because everyone was sure that this trust would never go to waste.
This was the character who established the greatness of the Prophet (peace be upon him) in the hearts of the people even before the Prophethood.
Life before the Prophethood and the Prophet’s Prophethood
Business Life
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was involved in the field of commerce in his youth. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) not only went with his uncle Abu Talib to the merchant caravans of Syria, but later also started trading himself. Your honesty and honesty set you apart from the rest of the traders.
When the Holy Prophetsa travelled with Hazrat Khadija’s merchandise, he saw her honesty, truthfulness and success and increased her confidence in him. The profits made during this trade and the exemplary character that emerged left a deep impression on Hazrat Khadijara’s heart.
Marriage with Hazrat Khadija(ra)
After the trade, Hazrat Khadija(ra) proposed marriage to the Holy Prophetsa. He was 40 years old at that time and the Prophet (peace be upon him) was 25 years old. This marriage is the first bright chapter in the history of Islam, because Hazrat Khadija(ra) was not only wealthy but also a pious and honorable woman. She always supported the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) even after his prophethood and had the honor of being the first woman to believe.
Participation in the Oath of Allegiance
Oppression and injustice were common in Mecca before the Prophethood. In such a situation, some Qurayshi tribes made a treaty to help the oppressed, which is called Hilaf-ul-Fudul. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) took an active part in this agreement and later said:
“I still love to join this agreement. If there is such an agreement today, I will definitely participate. “
This is proof that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was always a supporter of justice and justice.
The Prophet’s Prophethood (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)
The First Revelation
At the age of 40, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) used to pray and meditate in the cave of Hira. In the meantime, Allah revealed the first revelation through Gabriel (a):
“Recite in the
name of your Lord who created.” “
This was the moment when prophecy began and the greatest revolution in the history of the world began.
Initial Invitation
Initially, the invitation was kept secret. Hazrat Khadija(ra), Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq(ra), Hazrat Ali(ra) and Hazrat Zaid(ra) bin Haritha were among the first to convert.
Then three years later, Allah Almighty ordered that the Quraish should be invited publicly. Upon this, the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) gathered his tribe and invited them to Islam, but the chiefs of the Quraish began to oppose it.
Opposition and Difficulties of the Quraysh
When the message of Islam began to spread, the Quraish broke the mountains of oppression. Muslims were subjected to economic and social restrictions, confined to Sha’b Abi Talib, and tortured in various ways.
But the Holy Prophet (PBUH) showed patience and perseverance. During this time, many oppressed slaves of Mecca also converted to Islam, such as Hazrat Bilalra, who was subjected to severe torture but kept the flag of monotheism high by saying “Uhud, Uhud”.
Migration to Medina and the Founding of the Islamic State
Migration Background
After the continuous persecution in Mecca, when the Quraish planned to martyr the Holy Prophet (PBUH), Allah Almighty ordered the migration. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) migrated from Mecca to Medina along with Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiqra. The journey was very dangerous, but it was God’s protection.
The incident of the cave of Thaur is the most memorable glimpse of this migration, when the disbelievers of the Quraish came to the edge of the cave, but Allah protected His Prophet through spider webs and pigeons’ nests.
Arrival and Reception in Medina
When the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) reached Medina, the people of Medina shouted:
“Tala-ul-Badr ‘Alina”
i.e., “The moon has risen above us.” “
The people of Medina received unparalleled love and welcome and thus the city became the center of Islam.
Construction of the Prophet’s Mosque
The first work in Medina was the construction of the Prophet’s Mosque. It wasn’t just a place of worship, but:
justice
Parliament
Educational Institution
That’s what the political center
was all about.
From here, the teachings and preaching of Islam began to spread all over the world.
Treaty of Madina
Medina was a multi-religious society where Muslims, Jews and polytheists all lived. The Prophet (peace be upon him) made a written agreement which is known as the Treaty of Medina. It included the following principles:
All the people will defend Medina together.
There will be religious freedom.
No one will be oppressed.
Justice will be equal for all.
The treaty is considered to be the first written constitution in history, which is the foundation of human rights.
Brotherhood of Medina
The migrants were homeless and without resources. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) made the Ansar of Medina his brother to help them. This is called “impeachment”. This set a practical example of Islamic brotherhood and equality.
Battles, Treaty of Hudaibiyya and Conquest of Mecca
The Beginning of the Battles
As soon as the Islamic state was established in Madinah, the disbelievers of Quraish did not allow the Muslims to sit quietly. They wanted to destroy Islam. That is why there were many wars which are called “battles”.
Battle of Badr (2 AH)
This was the first major battle in which the number of Muslims was only 313 while the infidels were more than 1,000.
The Muslims were headless.
But faith, sincerity and God’s help were with them.
In this war, angels also came to the aid of the Muslims and this was the greatest victory of faith and belief. The Battle of Badr gave Islam a strong foothold.
Battle of Uhud (3 AH)
In this battle, the Muslims suffered a temporary defeat because some archers disobeyed the orders of the Holy Prophet. But this defeat was also a lesson for the Muslims that there is no success without obedience to Allah and unity.
Battle of the Trench (5 AH)
The Quraysh and the Jewish tribes conspired to attack Medina. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) dug a trench around Medina on the advice of Hazrat Salman Farsi. This tactic surprised the enemies and they returned unsuccessfully.
Treaty of Hudaybiyya (6/1940)
The Treaty of Hudaibiya was a turning point in history. On the surface, this agreement appeared to be against the Muslims, but in fact it proved to be a great success for Islam.
After this agreement, hostilities subsided,
And the message of Islam began to spread rapidly.
Many great chiefs, such as Hazrat Khalidra bin Waleed and Hazrat Amr bin Al-Aas, embraced Islam.
Conquest of Mecca (8 AH)
Even after the Treaty of Hudaibiyya, the Quraish broke the treaty. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) marched towards Mecca with an army of 10,000. Surprisingly, Mecca was conquered without bloodshed.
On the occasion of the conquest of Mecca, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) made this historic announcement:
“Today there is no grip on you, all have been forgiven.” “
This proclamation is the greatest example of mercy and forgiveness. Those who had wronged him were all forgiven. On the same day, the Kaaba was cleansed of idols and the light of monotheism spread.
Farewell Pilgrimage and Last Sermon
In 10 AH, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) performed the first and last Hajj of his life, which is known in history as “Hajjat al-Wida”. On this occasion, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) delivered a sermon which is called the Constitution of Humanity.
Points of the Farewell Sermon
All human beings are equal, no Arab has superiority over a non-Arab and no white has superiority over black, superiority is only in piety.
Women’s rights were clarified and they were instructed to treat them well.
Usury was forbidden forever.
Muslims were advised to hold fast to the Quran and Sunnah.
This sermon is a message of justice, equality and peace not only for Muslims but for the whole world.
The Last Days of the Prophet (PBUH)
After the conquest of Mecca and the Farewell Pilgrimage, Islam spread throughout the Arabian Peninsula. He passed away at the age of 63.
He passed away on 12 Rabi’ al-awwal, 11 AH in Medina.
The Holy Prophet (PBUH) was buried in the Holy Mosque of the Prophet, where Muslims from all over the world still attend with reverence.
His Biography and Impact on the World
The Revolutionary Teachings of Islam
He established a system of equality and justice.
He freed slaves and taught them the value of humanity.
He promoted knowledge and made Muslims world leaders.
The Opinion of Western Historians
The great historians of the world have also acknowledged that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is the greatest personality in the world. Michael Hart called the Prophet Muhammad “the most influential person in the world” in his book The 100.
Lessons for today’s Muslims
The life of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) is a practical guide for us.
If we adopt the principles of justice, equality, love and brotherhood, peace can be established in the world.
Closing Words
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is not only a prophet of the Muslims, but also a prophet of the world. There is guidance for every era and every human being in the biography of the Prophet (peace be upon him).
The message of Islam is simplicity, brotherhood, justice and love.
